Bloodweaver, on 05 August 2012 - 11:05 PM, said:
Similarly, the idea that the Church suppressed knowledge is mostly bunk. The Church was the source of knowledge. It wasn't just a religious institution, as it is today; the modern world is much more interested in compartmentalization than older cultures were. This applies to a lot of different phenomena, but the role of the Church in the medieval world is a good example of it. In addition to being the spiritual leader of whatever community it inhabited, it was also the educational institution, the banking system, a balancing check against the local nobility's power, and a calendar service. I understand you're mostly referring to the fact that you wouldn't find a lot of turnip farmers filling the ecclesiastic vestures, but you have to bear in mind that the main reason for this is because these same farmers wouldn't have found the idea beneficial to their lifestyle. What would they gain from learning to read and write, if the only way to make use of that skill is to read and write more? A modern comparison would be studying philosophy, or art history. A degree in either is, generally speaking, only useful if you intend to become a professor in the same subject. They're not widely applicable subjects.
Oh come on now. The "Church" was not some absolute, hivemind organism. Different Popes had different policies, different Bishops had different policies, different Kings and Princes had different policies.
Isaac Newton banned competing scientific theories, are we debating about whether the British Monarchy outlawed certain technologies or sciences for political benefit?
To think that the Catholic Church could block the development of all science and technology is naive. Especially with respect to military technologies that the feudal lords would want to use against each other.
To think that the Church was always in favor of all technological development is also naive. Just like they adopted various Pagan Holidays for political reasons, and sanctioned the "Divine Right" of Kings, they would have to likely at some point, either to preserve their own image, or because of political favors/economic interest might interfere with scientific or technological development.
Also many "Natural Philosophers" at the time were Church Leaders. Powerful, influential people, and maybe they could at times feel threatened by a rival scientific or philosophical theory.
I mean think of some local priest just declaring some random discovery "wtch craft". How many variables are there for deciding if the Church goes against this person? Is he popular or unpopular, does he have connections with the local Lords, how important is it to protect this discovery? There are always zealots around to declare something new "evil" for any insane reason, and the Church could certainly not stop all of them. And only the most idealistic person would honestly believe Holy Mother Church would never try to profit by them.
I mean for most of that time science wasn't even around. The most they had was Natural Philosophy. And the Church was very busy declaring the "Vampire warding" powers of Garlic "Witchcraft" so they could make money selling crosses as the Official and Holy and Proper way to keep a Vampire or the Devil or an Evil Spirit away.
Mlost of the Church leaders did not know a darned thing about sciences and did not care. If any policy was made regarding such, it was likely for political expediency at the moment and often times swayed back and forth.
And this isn't even including the times the Church was divided into 3 different Popes and such.
And keep in mind back then, the Dark and "Medieval" Ages we are dealing with some
really, REALLY backwards people. Most of these people cannot even read or write or do basic math. Many barely bathed.
How in the heck do Church leaders even tell a "true" Natural Theory from a false one?
To give an example, before the general acceptance of Occam's Razor there were serious debates about whether certain waterfalls could get horses pregnant. Many an "educated man" back then based their entire work as "Natural Philosophers" back then to maintaining propositions like these- staking their reputations on such. These could be Nobles or Priests, and if they had enough power and were very vain, and you "debunked" their theories or attempted such they would not be very happy. All they might have to do is talk to the local Bishop, and we got ourselves a "heretic" or "witch" or devil worshipper or whatever.
It takes a lot of progress to build up social institutions which allow for the kind of free speech and knowledge, and progressive research that we see today. Not only with material and society, but philosophical principles like those of modern empiricism and principles of parsimony and coherence (logic- formal and informal) have to be developed and maintained.
People basically lived as cavemen for hundreds of thousands of years, and after that for centuries as basically dirt farmers with a few specialists here and there. Our modern day high-tech system is the exception.
Edited by PaintedWolf, 06 August 2012 - 12:16 AM.