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Shooter game
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(July 2009)(Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series on
Action games 
Subgenres[show]
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Shooter games are a subgenre of
action game, which often test the player's speed and reaction time. It includes many subgenres that have the commonality of focusing on the actions of the
avatar using some sort of weapon. Usually this weapon is a
gun, or some other
long-range weapon. A common resource found in many shooter games is
ammunition. Most commonly, the purpose of a shooter game is to
shoot opponents and proceed through missions without the
player character being killed or dying. A shooting game is a genre of video game where the player has limited spatial control of his or her character, and the focus is almost entirely on the defeat of the character's enemies using long-range weaponry.
Contents
[[color=#222222]1[/color]Characteristics of shooters
Characteristics of shooters[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
There are many criteria to determine the type of shooter; listed below are some of the major divisions. Using the following, it is possible to categorize almost all shooters developed.
Perspective[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
In a
first-person shooter, the player usually views the events from a camera angle which simulates the character's point of view , while
third-person shooters use a camera which follows the character and can often be controlled by the player. It is also possible for a game to have a fixed camera, especially shooting gallery games and some 2D overhead shooters such as
Robotron 2084.
Realism[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Tactical shooters are games that attempt to emulate lifelike
ballistics and character damage, one example is
Rainbow Six. Other shooter games range further away from realism and towards
fantasy, like the
Sci-Fi action shooting series titled
Lost Planet.
Number of characters[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
While most
[citation needed] shooters are played as
solo ventures, several offer the players the opportunity to control a
squad of characters, usually directly controlling one, and giving orders to computer-controlled allies. Games which feature
non-player charactersfighting alongside the player, but which are not directly controllable (either by switching player control, or issuing orders to the character) are not considered
squad-based games.
Multiplayer[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
If a shooter game is playable online, there are several other sharp divisions it can take. Many games will offer differing modes which allow players to choose from among various types, such as the following. In
team modes, players are assigned to one of two (sometimes more, but very infrequently) factions which are competing for some goal.
Co-op modes have several players on the same faction playing through either single-player or custom missions against computer-controlled enemies.
Individual (often called
deathmatch or
free for all) has all players competing with each other.
Focus[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
This is often an optional way to categorize a shooter, but in some cases it's needed to help distinguish it. A game may quite often heavily rely on
stealth as opposed to direct
action. Others might have large
horror elements to them. However, the one thing in common with all shooters is that combat with a gun or similar long range/projectile weapon is the primary focus of gameplay itself.
Subgenres[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Shoot 'em up[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Nuclear Throne (2015) is a roguelikeshooter with a top-down perspective
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Shoot 'em ups are a specific subgenre of shooters wherein the player may move up and down and left and right around the screen, typically firing straight forward.
Shoot 'em ups share common gameplay, but are often categorized by viewpoint. This includes
fixed shooters on fixed screens, such as
Space Invaders and
Galaxian;
scrolling shooters that mainly
scroll in a single direction, such as
Xevious and
Darius;
top-down shooters (sometimes referred to as
twin-stick shooters) where the levels are controlled from an
overhead viewpoint, such as
Bosconian and
Time Pilot;
rail shooters where player movement is automatically guided down a fixed
forward-scrolling "rail", such as
Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom and
Space Harrier; and
isometric shooters which use an
isometric perspective, such as
Zaxxon and
Viewpoint. This genre also includes "
run and gun" games which emphasize greater maneuvering or even
jumping, such as
Thexder,
Contra and
Metal Slug.
[1][2][citation needed]
Shooting gallery[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Shooting gallery games include
light gun games, although many can also be played using a regular
joypad and an on-screen cursor to signify where the bullets are being aimed. When these debuted, they were typically played from a
first-person perspective, with enemy fire that occurred anywhere on the screen damaging or killing the player. As they evolved away from the use of light guns, the player came to be represented by an on-screen avatar, usually someone on the bottom of the screen, who could move and avoid enemy attacks while returning fire. These sorts of shooters almost always utilize horizontal scrolling to the right to indicate level progression, with enemies appearing in waves from predestined locations in the background or from the sides. One of the earliest examples is the 1985 arcade game
Shootout produced by Data East.
A specific subgenre of this type of game is the
Cabal shooter, named for the game
Cabal, in which the player controls an on-screen avatar that can run and often jump around the screen in addition to being able to aim their gun. Other games in this subgenre include
Blood Bros.,
Dynamite Duke,
NAM-1975,
Wild Guns, and
Sin and Punishment.
As light gun games became more prevalent and started to make use of fully 3D backgrounds, such as the
Time Crisis or
House of the Dead series, these sorts of games fell out of popular production, but many like
Blood Bros. still have their fanbase today. Other notable games of this category include
Operation Wolf and
Laser Invasion.
Light gun shooter[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Light gun shooters are shooting gallery games that use a
pointing device for
computers and a
control device for
arcade and
video games. The first light guns appeared in the 1930s, following the development of light-sensing
vacuum tubes. It was not long before the technology began appearing in
arcade shooting games, beginning with the
Seeburg Ray-O-Lite in 1936. These early light gun games used small targets (usually moving) onto which a light-sensing tube was mounted; the player used a gun (usually a rifle) that emitted a beam of light when the trigger was pulled. If the beam struck the target, a "hit" was scored. Modern screen-based light guns work on the opposite principle—the sensor is built into the gun itself, and the on-screen target(s) emit light rather than the gun. The first light gun of this type was used on the
MIT Whirlwind computer, which used a similar
light pen. Like rail shooters, movement is typically limited in light-gun games.
Notable games of this category include the 1974 and 1984 versions of
Wild Gunman,
Duck Hunt for the
NES, the
Virtua Cop series,
Time Crisis series,
House of the Dead series, and
Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles &
Darkside Chronicles.
First-person shooters[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Doom, one of the early games that defined the first-person shooter genre.
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First-person shooters are characterized by an on-screen view that simulates the in-game character's point of view. While many rail shooters and light-gun shooters also use a first-person perspective, they are generally not included in this category.
Notable examples of the genre include Doom, Quake, Half-Life, Counter-Strike, GoldenEye 007, Battlefield, Medal of Honor, Unreal, Call of Duty, Killzone, TimeSplitters, Team Fortress 2, and Halo.
Third-person shooters[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Third-person shooters are characterized by a
third-person camera view that fully displays the player character in his/her surroundings. Notable examples of the genre include the
Tomb Raider series,
Syphon Filter,
Max Payne,
SOCOM,
Star Wars: Battlefront,
Resident Evil 4,
Gears of War, and
Splatoon.
Hero shooters[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Hero shooters are a variation of multiplayer first- or third-person arena-based shooters, where players, split among two or more teams, select from pre-designed "hero" characters that each possess unique attributes, skills, weapons, and other activated abilities; players may gain abilities to customize the appearance of these characters, but these changes are cosmetic only and do not alter the game's balance. Hero shooters strongly encourage teamwork between players on a team, guiding players to select effective combinations of hero characters and coordinate the use of hero abilities during a match. Such games are inspired by
multiplayer online battle arena games like
Dota 2 and
League of Legends, and popular team-based shooters like
Team Fortress 2, and are considered to have strong potential as
eSports competitive titles. Examples of hero shooters include
Battleborn,
Overwatch, Paladins and
Quake Champions.
[3][4]
Tactical shooters[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Tactical shooters are shooters that generally simulate realistic squad-based or man-to-man skirmishes. Notable examples of the genre include Ubisoft's Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six and Ghost Recon series and Bohemia Software's Operation Flashpoint.
Other[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Additionally,
artillery games have been described as a type of "shooting game",
[5] though they are more frequently classified as a type of
strategy game.
[citation needed]
Controversy[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
Shooter games have been accused of glorifying and promoting violence and several games have been the cause of notable
video game controversies. After
school shootings in
Erfurt,
Emsdetten and
Winnenden, German conservative politicians accused violent shooter games, most notably
Counter Strike, to incite young gamers to run amok.
[6] Several attempts were made to banish the so termed "Killerspiele" (killing games) in Germany and the European Union.
[7][8] Shooter games were further criticised when
Anders Breivik claimed he used a Call of Duty game to gain target acquisition.
[9]
References[color=#555555][[/color]edit[color=#555555]][/color]
- Jump up^ Provo, Frank, Bloody Wolf, GameSpot, July 7, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
- Jump up^ Dunham, Jeremy, First Look: Alien Hominid, IGN, July 27, 2004. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- Jump up^ Wawro, Alex (May 6, 2016). "Hero Shooters: Charting the (re)birth of a genre". Gamasutra. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
- Jump up^ Molina, Brett (June 17, 2016). "5 big video game trends from E3 2016". USA Today. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
- Jump up^ Barton, Matt. "Scorched Parabolas: A History of the Artillery Game". Armchair Arcade. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
- Jump up^ "German Past Haunts Gamers' Future". Wired. February 5, 2007.
- Jump up^ http://arstechnica.c...006/12/8433.ars
- Jump up^ http://www.infoworld...video-games-933
- Jump up^ Anders Breivik 'trained' for shooting attacks by playing Call of Duty retrieved 3 May 2012
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I_AM_ZUUL, on 08 February 2017 - 03:49 AM, said:
