Rogue Jedi, on 05 October 2014 - 03:22 AM, said:
Normal Trek transporters only had a range of 40,000 kilometers under normal operating conditions. (source)
For reference, the distance between Earth and the Moon is 384,399.83 kilometers (approximately 9.6 times the maximum range of a normal transporter) & the transporter range roughly corresponds to the distance needed for a geostationary or geosynchronous orbit around Earth.
There are special longer-ranged transporters (see here, here, and here), but they've thus far always appeared as one-off plot devices and are not commonplace.